DayCents

Emergency Fund

An emergency fund is cash set aside to cover unexpected, necessary expenses — a job loss, medical bill, or major repair — without borrowing. The standard target is three to six months of essential expenses, kept in a safe, instantly accessible account like a high-yield savings account.

Size it on lean-month spending rather than income — housing, food, utilities, insurance, transport and minimum debt payments, with the discretionary spending removed, since that is what a real emergency would cut. The distinction usually shrinks the target by about a third: a household spending $4,800 a month might have a lean month of $3,200, making six months $19,200 rather than $28,800. Where you sit in the range depends on how long replacing your income would take, so a single earner or a specialised role argues for more than a dual-income household in general fields. A $1,000 starter fund comes first, before anything but the highest-interest debt, because it stops the next surprise becoming a 23% balance.